Mechanical Properties ntawm Hlau

1. Yield point

Thaum cov hlau los yog cov qauv yog ncab, thaum qhov kev ntxhov siab tshaj qhov kev txwv elastic, txawm tias qhov kev ntxhov siab tsis nce, cov hlau los yog cov qauv txuas ntxiv mus rau qhov pom tseeb ntawm cov yas deformation, uas yog hu ua yielding, thiab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tus nqi ntawm kev ntxhov siab thaum lub yielding tshwm sim tshwm sim. yog rau qhov taw tes tawm los.Cia Ps yog lub zog sab nraud ntawm qhov taw tes tawm s, thiab Fo yog qhov chaw hla ntu ntawm tus qauv, ces qhov taw tes tawm σs = Ps / Fo (MPa)..

2. Yield zog

Qhov taw tes tawm los ntawm qee cov ntaub ntawv hlau yog qhov tsis pom tseeb thiab nyuaj rau ntsuas.Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau ntsuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv, qhov kev ntxhov siab thaum cov yas deformation ruaj khov yog sib npaug rau qee tus nqi (feem ntau yog 0.2% ntawm qhov qub ntev) tau teev tseg.yog lub zog yield zog los yog yooj yim yield zog σ0.2.

3. Lub zog tensile

Qhov siab tshaj plaws tus nqi mus txog los ntawm cov khoom thaum lub sij hawm stretching txheej txheem, los ntawm kev pib mus rau tawg.Nws qhia txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov hlau los tiv thaiv kev tawg.Ua raws li lub zog tensile, muaj lub zog compressive, flexural zog, thiab lwm yam. Cia Pb ua lub zog tensile siab tshaj plaws ua ntej cov khoom raug rub tawm.

quab yuam, Fo yog qhov chaw hla ntu ntawm cov qauv, ces lub zog tensile σb = Pb / Fo (MPa).

4. Elongation

Tom qab cov khoom tawg lawm, qhov feem pua ​​​​ntawm nws cov yas elongation ntev mus rau qhov qub qauv ntev yog hu ua elongation lossis elongation.

5. Yield zog piv

Qhov piv ntawm qhov taw tes tawm los (yield zog) ntawm cov hlau rau lub zog tensile yog hu ua yield-strength ratio.Qhov loj dua qhov yield ratio, qhov siab dua qhov kev cia siab ntawm cov qauv tsim.Feem ntau, qhov sib piv ntawm cov pa roj carbon steel yog 06-0.65, thiab cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau yog 065-0.75, thiab cov hlau alloy yog 0.84-0.86.

6. Hardness

Hardness qhia txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom los tiv thaiv qhov nias ntawm ib qho khoom nyuaj rau hauv nws qhov chaw.Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hlau.Feem ntau, qhov siab dua qhov hardness, qhov zoo dua qhov hnav tsis kam.Feem ntau siv hardness ntsuas yog Brinell hardness, Rockwell hardness thiab Vickers hardness.